2015-2016 Undergraduate Academic Catalogue [ARCHIVED CATALOG]
Course Descriptions
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French |
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FR 361 - Topics in French Poetry (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: FR 216 . Selected themes and/or periods in French poetry. Special attention is given to the philosophy and social history of the times and to critical theory of this genre. Topic announced each time the course is offered.
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FR 370 - Special Topics in Medieval Literature (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: FR 216 . An intensive study of an author, theme, movement or genre in medieval literature in French. Topic announced each time the course is offered. May be repeated for credit with different topics. IM
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FR 371 - Love's Fatal Triangle: Courtly Love and the Development of Arthurian Literature in Medieval French Literature (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: FR 216 . A study of the earliest literature of Arthur and his knights in France and early French literature, where they came from and a consideration of modern representations. Closed to students who have taken ML 371 . IM
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FR 375 - Women's Voices in the Francophone World (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: FR 216 . Students read and discuss texts from contemporary women authors who write in French but whose links with French culture take on many forms. The authors studied hail from many parts of the world: not only from the French-speaking countries of Europe, but from different parts of Africa, Asia, Canada, the Near East, and the United States. For some, French was their native tongue; but for a great many, French was their language of adoption, the language they considered most suited to express the complex ties between their own personal story and the social, political, and cultural context in which that story has unfolded. Issues of race, gender, class, language, and power relations are discussed in the context of the works chosen. IAF/IG
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FR 376 - Outsiders in Sub-Saharan Francophone Literature (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: FR 216 or written permission of the instructor. Explores the seductions and disillusionments of Europe through the eyes of sub-Saharan Africans abroad, from the colonial period to the present day. Alterity, homesickness, and racism are some of the topics discussed. Readings include works by Bernard Dadié, Jean-Paul Sartre, Ken Bugul, Fatou Diome, and Alain Mabanckou. IAF
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FR 380 - Special Topics in French and Francophone Literature (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: FR 216 . An intensive study of an author, theme, or movement in French and/or Francophone literature. Topic announced each time the course is offered. May be repeated for credit with different topics and written permission of the department chair.
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FR 381 - Advanced French Grammar (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: FR 201 ; FR 216 (may be taken concurrently). The systematic study of grammar at an advanced level. Strongly recommended for students prior to study abroad.
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German |
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GR 101 - Introductory German I (3.00 cr.)
A thorough grounding in the four language skills: reading, understanding, speaking, and writing, as well as an understanding of the structure of the language and the literature and culture of the country. For students with no previous knowledge of the language. Cannot be taken for credit by students who have taken three years of German during high school. Laboratory study outside the classroom is required.
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GR 102 - Introductory German II (3.00 cr.)
A continuation of GR 101 . Laboratory study outside the classroom is required.
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GR 103 - Intermediate German I (3.00 cr.)
A systematic consolidation and expansion of the four basic skills: reading, understanding, speaking, and writing. To increase and perfect students' acquired abilities/proficiencies in the language, and broaden their understanding of the country's culture and literature. Laboratory study outside the classroom is required.
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GR 104 - Intermediate German II (3.00 cr.)
A capstone course, reviewing and reinforcing language skills learned in GR 101-103 to help students attain intermediate level as defined by ACTFL guidelines in the five skills: reading, writing, speaking, comprehension, and culture of Germany and German-speaking areas. Course includes use of the language in context, with authentic readings, discussion in German, and film clips. Laboratory study outside the classroom is required.
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GR 144 - German for Reading Knowledge (3.00 cr.)
An intensive introduction to German for reading for students with no previous knowledge of German. The course focuses on all elements of grammar and syntax so that students can read texts from business, the humanities, and the sciences. Pronunciation is not stressed. Does not count toward the core, major, or minor.
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GR 150 - German in Context I (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: Placement by examination. Restricted to students studying in Berlin. German language study with intensive oral practice and review of elementary language structures. Includes contemporary culture in Berlin and comprehensive strategies for five-skills abilities.
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GR 161 - Comprehensive Beginning German (6.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: Open to students who wish to begin study in a second modern language or who place into GR 102 . A review course for students who have had three years of language study in high school and for students who wish to begin a second modern language. The material covered is essentially the same as for the GR 101-102 sequence, except that it is covered in one semester instead of two. This includes a thorough grounding in the five language skills: reading, listening, speaking, writing, and cultural knowledge, as well as an understanding of the structure of the language, cultures, and literatures of the countries that speak German. Special emphasis is placed on preparing students to begin work at the intermediate language level. Contact time includes six 50-minute class sessions per week. Counts as two, three-credit courses. Laboratory study outside the classroom is required. Required for students who have completed three years of high school German, who wish to continue language study in German, and who place into GR 101 . Closed to students who have taken GR 101 , GR 102 , or the equivalent.
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GR 201 - German Composition and Conversation (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 104 . Increases students' oral and writing ability through the assimilation of advanced structural patterns, stylistic analysis of literature, discussion of current events.
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GR 202 - The Living Language: Techniques of Translation (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 201 . A transition between language study on the lower-division level, where grammar and oral practice are stressed, to more advanced upper-division courses in which the language becomes the primary means of expression and communication. Focuses on various special topics as dictated by the needs and interests of the students to acquaint them with the contemporary idiomatic usage and specialized vocabulary for fields like business, economics science, or literary criticism.
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GR 204 - German for Oral Proficiency (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 104 . Intensive oral practice in the classroom and with audio-visual media to develop facility in oral expression and aural comprehension.
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GR 210 - Advanced German Composition (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 201 . An in-depth study of styles of written communication: advanced grammatical concepts applied to personal, business, and narrative/creative writing.
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GR 216 - Venturing into the Text (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 201 or equivalent. This course prepares students to take advanced literature classes. By reading and analyzing poems, short stories, short novels and materials from the Internet, students improve their ability to read literary texts and analyze them. The course also introduces students to literary theory to help them to better understand the context in which literary texts were written. Through vocabulary acquisition, introduction to basic literary terms and genres, grammar review, essays as well as oral work, students can improve their written and spoken German.
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GR 250 - Business German (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 201 . A study of German as it is used in various German business institutions. Stresses stylistics of business letters and reports as well as techniques of translation.
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GR 301 - German Culture and Civilization I (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 201 . A study of the development of German culture from its origins to the present. The first semester covers the periods up to the eighteenth century with special emphasis on the history, politics, art and architecture of the period. The second semester continues examination of the contemporary social context and its historical background. IM
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GR 302 - German Culture and Civilization II (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 201 . A continuation of GR 301 .
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GR 303 - Germany Today (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 201 . For students who wish to become acquainted with major aspects of contemporary German culture, as well as social and political developments in Germany, and their influence on current literature and journalism. Focuses on developments after 1970.
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GR 305 - Dungeons, Dragons, Damsels in Distress (3.00 cr.)
A study of the medieval epic in literature and film. Students study selections of medieval German, French, and Italian epic. They also compare the major epics to their filmed versions and examine popular stereotypes about the knights, women, love, and war in the Middle Ages. Lectures on the culture of the times are included. Same course as ML 305 . IM
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GR 309 - The Classic German Cinema (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 201 or equivalent. The course focuses on the function of film in the years between 1895 and 1945. Students discuss the role of filmmakers in the Weimar era and the use of film in the Third Reich. Special emphasis is placed on analyzing the films in relation to the artistic, societal, and historical currents at the time. Filmmakers include Lang, Murnau, Reifenstahl, Wilder, and Sirk. IF
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GR 315 - German and the Nobel Prize in Literature (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 201 or GR 202 . Examines the poetry and short fiction of five authors writing in German who have won the Nobel Prize in Literature with the intent of discovering the elements that might have driven the decision to bestow the award. Where possible, film adaptations of the works are examined. Taught in German.
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GR 341 - Contemporary German Cinema (3.00 cr.)
A brief overview of classic German cinema and its contribution to the art of filmmaking. The main focus of the course is the development of German film from 1960 to the present. Students view and discuss works by von Trotta, Schlondorff, Dorrie, Petersen, Wender, Herzog, Fassbinder, Tykwer, Becker, Tim, and Akin, and investigate films in relation to the societal, historical, and political developments. IF
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GR 342 - Vienna: Imperial Splendor and Fin-de-Siecle Decadence (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 201 . Examines the history and culture of the "other" German-speaking country from the vantage point of Vienna. Covers the period from the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to the present, taking a close look at the intellectual, political, and social life of the time.
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GR 344 - Berlin: The Crucible of Europe (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 201 . Examines the intellectual currents that shaped Berlin in the early twentieth century. Students focus on the contributions made by prominent German-Jewish authors, discuss the foment of the Weimar years, and Berlin's contributions to a developing Europe.
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GR 352 - The Giants of German Literature (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 201 . A study of the general cultural and literary background of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in Germany. Features representative works from such outstanding German writers as Lessing, Goethe, Schiller, Novalis, Eichendorff, and Kleist.
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GR 354 - Confronting the Other in Contemporary German Literature (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 201 . A study of the development of German literature through an examination of works of drama, poetry and prose that show the artist's attempts to deal with the changing realities and problems of the contemporary world.
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GR 356 - Enchanting the Listeners: The Art of Storytelling (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 201 . Historical development of the novella in German from its beginnings in the eighteenth century to its modern exponents such as Thomas Mann and Franz Kafka. Special emphasis on the many problems in defining the form and function of a novelle.
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GR 358 - Sexual Politics in German Drama (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GR 201 . Uses the plays of Buechner, Hebbel, Hauptmann, Brecht and Hochhut to trace the development of German drama and theatre in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Special emphasis on the readings in relation to their sociopolitical background. IG
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GR 359 - History and Development of German Business (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One GR 200-level course or written permission of the instructor. Introduces students to the history and development of German business practices. Special emphasis is placed on the economic, social, and political ramifications of unification and developments in the European Union. Taught in German. Closed to students who have taken ML 359 . GT
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Global Studies |
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GT 400 - Senior Seminar in Global Studies (3.00 cr.)
Restricted to seniors and global studies majors. An opportunity for integrating the student's experience of the global studies program. It consists of a senior project, guest lectures, and other integrative work selected by the instructor. GT (Spring only)
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GT 401 - Global Studies International Experience Internship (3.00 cr.)
Restricted to juniors and seniors and global studies majors who cannot study abroad. The internship ordinarily requires 150 hours of internationally-related work or service (usually unpaid) distributed evenly over a semester. Students must submit a portfolio for grading by the faculty supervisor during the final examination period of the semester in which the internship is completed. The portfolio consists of a weekly journal or log of activities and observations, and a six to eight page essay reflecting on what was learned from the experience and its relevance for global studies.The final grade will also take into account the evaluation of the student's performance by the site supervisor. Written permission of the global studies director, a faculty supervisor, and the site supervisor. GT
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Greek |
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GK 101 - Introductory Greek I (3.00 cr.)
An enriched beginning course, intended for students with no previous knowledge of the language, which emphasizes grammar, syntax, and vocabulary through extensive reading of easy passages from Greek authors. An introduction to the literature and culture of Athens. (Fall only)
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GK 102 - Introductory Greek II (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GK 101 or equivalent. A continuation of GK 101 . (Spring only)
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GK 103 - Intermediate Greek (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GK 102 or equivalent. Consolidation of the fundamentals of grammar and syntax. Transition to reading extended passages of real Greek. May be offered in Rome. (Fall only)
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GK 104 - Greek Literature (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GK 103 or equivalent. A reading of select works of Greek prose and/or poetry with close attention to their language, style and literary value. May be offered in Rome. (Spring only)
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GK 301 - Advanced Greek I (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GK 104 or equivalent. Readings in Greek at the advanced level. When possible choice of authors is based on student preference. May be repeated once for credit.
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GK 302 - Advanced Greek II (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GK 104 or equivalent. Readings in Greek at the advanced level. When possible, choice of author or genre is based on student preference. May be repeated once for credit.
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GK 303 - Selected Readings in Greek I (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GK 104 or equivalent. Readings in Greek at the advanced level. Topics vary according to student interest. May be repeated once for credit.
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GK 304 - Selected Readings in Greek II (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GK 103 or equivalent. Readings in Greek at the advanced level. Topics vary according to student interest. May be repeated once for credit.
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GK 305 - Selected Readings in Greek III (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GK 104 or equivalent. Readings in Greek at the advanced level. Topics vary according to student interest. May be repeated once for credit.
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GK 310 - Plato (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GK 104 or equivalent. A reading, partly in the original and partly in translation, of a work of Plato. Emphasis on Plato's language, style, and philosophy.
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GK 311 - Greek Tragedy: Euripides (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GK 104 or equivalent. A survey of Euripides' tragedies, read partly in the original and partly in translation. The place of Euripides in the history of Greek tragedy.
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GK 312 - Greek Tragedy: Sophocles (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GK 104 or equivalent. A survey of Sophocles' tragedies, read partly in the original and partly in translation. Emphasis on style, characters, language, and themes.
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GK 323 - Greek Historians (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GK 104 or equivalent. A reading, partly in the original and partly in translation, of Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon-their characteristics as historiographers are examined.
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GK 325 - Herodotus (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GK 104 or equivalent. A reading, partly in the original and partly in translation, of Herodotus' History. Discussions focus on Herodotus' historical methodology, literary technique, and the wealth of legends, tall tales, and historical and anthropological information he offers.
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GK 330 - Hesiod (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GK 104 or equivalent. Readings in ancient Greece's second towering epic poet. Hesiod describes the shocking and violent origin of the Greek gods, how and why they got along so poorly, the origin of humankind, and our place in the mythological universe-among other fascinating things. The class will encounter Pandora and Prometheus, Zeus at this best and worst, the Ages of Man, the nature of Justice, monsters, and mayhem.
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GK 360 - Independent Study: Greek (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: GK 104 or equivalent. An independent study in Greek language and/or literature. Topics vary. May be repeated once for credit with different topic.
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History |
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HS 101 - Making of the Modern World: Europe (3.00 cr.)
Examines European history since 1500 focusing on the evolution of modern culture and society along with the emergence of democracy, capitalism, communism, fascism, and Nazism. Additional questions are covered, such as the difficult development of religious diversity; the integration of science and industry; the changing roles of women and men; colonization and decolonization; and the global impact of the many European wars. The course is amply illustrated with art and images from the relevant periods. GT
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HS 102 - Making of the Modern World: United States I (3.00 cr.)
Examines European colonization of North America, the formation of the United States, and the challenges facing the new nation in the first half of the nineteenth century. Emphasis is placed on the interactions between diverse groups of Europeans, Native Americans, and African Americans. The course aims to establish a basic understanding of modern events and processes from initial encounter through the Civil War, including the interactions between North America and the Atlantic World. GT/IU
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HS 103 - Making of the Modern World: United States II (3.00 cr.)
Covers the history of the United States since the Civil War as it grows into an industrial and international power and as it struggles to transform itself from a nineteenth-century republic that restricts citizenship rights along racial and gender lines into a diverse modern society. Topics include the Reconstruction, urban/industrial development and reform; immigration and the expansion and contraction of democracy in the early twentieth century; the world wars; the Great Depression; postwar culture and society; the impact of the Cold War; social movements; and the fracturing of consensus. GT/IU
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HS 104 - Making of the Modern World: South Asia (3.00 cr.)
Examines how the seven countries of South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives) have evolved since early times as places with distinct cultures, religions, and traditions. The course deals with their precolonial political and social governance as independent entities, the relative impact of European imperialism after 1500, and their development since independence in the twentieth century. Includes discussion and samples of Indian cuisine. GT/IA
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HS 105 - Making of the Modern World: East Asia (3.00 cr.)
Examines changes, trends, and developments in nineteenth- and twentieth-century East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam). Emphasis is placed on each country's traditional culture and the challenges to it by foreign imperialism and domestic pressures; the political, economic, social, and cultural hurdles each country faced in its effort to find the appropriate national path to modernity; the crucial roles played by wars and revolutions; and critical developments in each country's forging a modern identity in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. GT/IA
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HS 106 - Making of the Modern World: Africa (3.00 cr.)
Explores selected themes in African history from the eighth through the twentieth centuries, including the emergence of African states and long distance trade; the organization and impact of the transatlantic slave trade; European conquest and colonization; social and economic change during the colonial period; the rise of nationalism and the struggle for independence; and the impact of globalization in contemporary Africa. Considers issues of change and continuity in African societies, as well as the differential impact of social and economic change on women and people of different socioeconomic groups. GT/IAF
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HS 107 - Making of the Modern World: The Middle East (3.00 cr.)
Surveys the history of the Middle East (the Arab world, Turkey, and Iran) from the nineteenth century to today. Examines the impact of imperialism on the political, economic, and social development of the region; the emergence of nationalist movements and the formation of modern nation states; the rise of Islamism; the politics of oil; regional and international conflicts, including the enduring Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the two Gulf wars; and the 2001 Arab uprisings. GT/IA
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HS 108 - Making of the Modern World: Latin America (3.00 cr.)
A general survey of Latin American history from the nationalist revolutions of the early nineteenth century to the present. The political, social, and economic development of both Central and South America are examined. Emphasis is given to the roles Native American, African, and mixed blood individuals played in creating modern Latin American identities. U.S.-Latin American relations are explored together with the growth of America's diverse Hispanic community. GT/IL
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HS 300 - Death of the Roman Republic (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. A study of the final century of the Roman Republic when Rome suffered under the struggles for personal power of men like Sulla, Mark Antony, and Julius Caesar. Focuses on primary sources with a particular emphasis on the writings of Cicero who documented the final years of the Republic in public speeches as well as private, biting personal letters. Same course as CL 300 . II
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HS 301 - The Church and the Roman Empire (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. A tiny, new religion and a vast, old empire collide. An examination of the early Church in the context of the Roman Empire. Topics include women in pagan and Christian societies; places and forms of worship; reasons for and pace of the Church's expansion; orthodoxy and heterodoxy in the early Church; myths concerning the persecutions; the Christians' debt to pagan ways of thinking and doing; the earliest Christian art; class and race as factors in the Christianization of the empire; the organization of the early Church; the Church's response to the sexual mores of its pagan neighbors; origins of the Christians' reputation for bizarre sexual promiscuity and human sacrifice; Constantine. Same course as CL 301 . IC/IG/II/IM
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HS 302 - Renaissance Europe (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Students examine the Renaissance, a period of vague chronology but great accomplishments, both for good and bad. Classical humanism, artistic and technological innovations, and the expansion of European power around the globe are stressed. Students also focus on the Hundred Years War, conflicts among the Italian principalities, and the rise of the Ottoman Turks as a Mediterranean power. Rapid urbanization, the rise of commercial capitalism, and the breakdown of religious hegemony in the West are also considered. IM
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HS 303 - The Early Middle Ages (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. When the Roman Empire fell to the barbarian invasions of the fourth century and later, a new age dawned on Europe. Cultural, religious, economic, social, intellectual, technological, military, and political changes all quickly occurred as Roman emperors were replaced by non- Roman chiefs. Into a western vacuum created by the fall of Rome rose the Catholic Church, which kept alive the ideals of morality, theology, and education. Into the eastern vacuum arose a different religious entity, Islam; it, too, presented a values structure similar to that of Catholicism. Eventually, these two religious entities would clash. But before that occurred, east and west had to develop their own characters. For Europe, this meant the rise of the Franks and eventually of their leader, Charlemagne. From his reign came the modern division of western European countries. But, even more importantly, from his reign came the modern division of the Middle Ages as an era which, despite the invasions of new barbarians (the Vikings and Magyars), would last for nearly 700 years after his death. IC/IM
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HS 304 - Renaissance and Reformation in Europe (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries Europe changed. Continual warfare, rebellion, and disease altered societal norms at all levels. This, coupled with the rising power of an urban "middle class" and the declining power of the feudal nobility, meant that the traditional medieval society was coming to an end. Also changing during this time was the intellectual history of Europe. Education became more available, and universities multiplied and flourished. Humanism was taught and influenced all forms of intellectual expression: art, literature, philosophy, science, music, and even theology. In fact, it was in theology that the changes in intellectual thought made their most enduring impact, for ultimately they caused many to question medieval religious tradition. Martin Luther would respond by tacking the 95 Theses to the door of the Church of Wittenberg, and western Europe ceased to be unified in its Christianity. What followed was more than a century of religious upheaval and conflict. All of these themes are explored in depth. IM
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HS 305 - The Later Middle Ages (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Follows the history of Europe, Byzantium, and the Middle East from the end of the first millennium A.D. until c. 1500. From what some call "the Dark Ages" arose a more advanced Western world, one which began to develop in new and progressive ways. Despite the continual fighting between Islamic and Christian forces, first in the Middle East and then in southeastern Europe, kingdoms and principalities flourished under the leadership of strong nobles; farms brought forth more grain and other produce; towns grew and gave birth to a middle class; the population was enlarged by a high birth rate and the lack of natural hindrances; and universities were founded and education began to reach all classes. At the same time, a strong Catholic Church dominated all of these institutions, while moving steadily toward the Reformation. IC/IM
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HS 307 - Peace and War in Ancient Rome (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Restricted to students studying in Rome. A survey of ideas about peace and war in the ancient city with visits to some of the most important archaeological sites in Rome. Sites to visit include various monuments commemorating Roman military achievements, like the Column of Trajan, and the museums of Rome to see art that depicted virtuous captives and victorious soldiers, as well as dedications to abstractions like clemency, courage, and family devotion. Students learn about Roman attitudes towards victory and defeat. The course includes in-person viewing and reading of primary sources. Same course as CL 307 . (Summer only)
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HS 308 - White Man's Burden: Colonialism and the Historical Origins of Racism (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. An analysis of the socially and politically constructed category of race as it developed in the wake of the Enlightenment and counter-enlightenment. Intellectual antecedents of this later "racialization of savagery" are investigated, with a focus on the treatment and literary stereotypes of such indigenous peoples as those from North America, Africa, and Asia. The insidious consequences of the "transcendental pretense," from the European colonization of the concept of human nature to the political and economic colonization of cultures and individuals, are examined from the perspective of the history of ideas. GT/IAF (Even Years)
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HS 310 - Early Modern Britain, 1450-1700 (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Literature, food, politics, music-these are the sources students explore in this general history of the British Isles. Between 1450 and 1700, Britons saw civil war, famine, and changes of national religion. They also witnessed Shakespeare, the Armada, and the discovery of America. This course explores themes of social upheaval, political fidelity, Reformation, and revolution.
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HS 311 - Britain, Ireland, and America (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Four nations inhabit the British Isles: the English, Welsh, Scots, and Irish. In the Glorious Revolution of 1688, they (and their colonies in America) broke with the European pattern of absolute monarchy set by Louis XIV of France. Instead, they attempted to work together under a constitutional monarchy. Over the course of three centuries of success-and spectacular failures-they developed political institutions basic to free governments everywhere. This course focuses on such institutions as individual liberty, representative government, social welfare, and democracy. It also discusses the differences and hostilities that have existed among the five nations, especially Irish rebellions and famine, but also the American Revolution and political devolution in Scotland and Wales. Using contemporary newspapers and films, students follow these developments down to the present day.
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HS 312 - History of Ancient Greece (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. A study of Greece from the Bronze Age to Alexander the Great, with special attention to the development of the Greek polis or city-state and the various constitutional, social, economic, and religious forms which this took. Same course as CL 312 .
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HS 313 - History of Christmas (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Is Christmas the commemoration of Jesus' birth? Or is it a pagan winter festival hiding behind a thin but deceptive veil of Christian images and ideas? Students will discover that the holiday is both of these things and a good deal more to boot. Students examine the origins and many transformations of the holiday and how the holiday has both reflected and helped determine the course of history. Topics include the Christmas tree, gift giving, the suppression of Christmas, the Nativity accounts, pagan precedents and, of course, Santa. Same course as CL 313 . IC
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HS 314 - History of the Roman Empire (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. A survey of imperial history from the Principate of Augustus to the Reign of Constantine focusing on the development of Roman culture as seen through the surviving ancient sources, including inscriptions, historians, monuments, and coins. May be offered in Rome. Same course as CL 314 . II/IM
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HS 315 - The French Revolution and Napoleon (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Detailed examination of the violent end of the old regime in France and the subsequent Napoleonic resolution. Study of the rich historical debates over the interpretations of the revolution demonstrates the challenge of interpreting history. Ends with the evolution of Napoleon's career and the impact of his occupation on local European politics.
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HS 316 - Seeking Definition: Modern France, 1815-1945 (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Charts France's search for identity, from the defeat of Napoleon to liberation from Nazi occupation in 1945. A variety of novels and plays are used to examine the tension between the dynamic republican passion of revolutionary France and the more static Catholic conservative alternative. Using films and other sources, the course ends with an analysis of the construction and deconstruction of the legend of the French Resistance.
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HS 317 - The Making of Modern Italy (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Italy is now the seventh largest industrial power, but few people know that it has only been a country since 1861. Beginning with the fall of Rome, this course traces the story of Italy's development from a hodgepodge of kingdoms, fiefs, principalities, and oligarchic republics into a modern nation-state. Although it celebrates the achievements of Italy's civilization and culture, the course also takes a long look at some of the endemic problems of both the pre- and postunitary regimes. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Papacy in Italian affairs through the ages. The course ends with Italy's taking of Rome from the Papacy in 1870 and the attending opportunities and difficulties for the new nation. IC/II
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HS 318 - Creation of Modern Germany: 1770-1992 (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Traces the history of central Europe from the enlightenment to recent reunification. The rise of Prussia, the emergence of Bismarck, and the creation of Germany in 1871 are seen as the crucial foundations of the modern German state and as the prelude to the devastation of the two world wars. Examines the social and cultural issues resulting from Germany's own particular political development. Also examines the concept of "Germanness" in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and how it was altered by both "Nazification" and "De-Nazification." GT
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HS 319 - Nazi Germany and the Holocaust (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Students discuss not only what happened during the Holocaust, but how people talk about, write about, debate, and, finally, cope with it. Historical frameworks include Nationalism and anti-Semitism in Europe, World War I's impact on German economics and politics, and Hitler's rise to power. The structure and mechanics of the Third Reich as a racial state and the dynamics of the persecution of European Jews and other marginalized groups are examined. The personal experience of the Holocaust from the perspective of perpetrator, victim, and bystander are explored. Students also analyze current debates about the Holocaust, study popular culture and the Holocaust, and visit the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. GT
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HS 320 - Hellenistic History (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. A study of the Greek world from the death of Socrates (399 B.C.) to the Roman conquest (146 B.C.). Covers the fourth century struggle for supremacy of Greece, Alexander the Great, the waning of the city-state and the growth of federal government and monarchy, and the nature of and reasons for the Roman conquest of Greece. Emphasizes the cultural, social, artistic, and intellectual developments of the period: the status of women, Hellenistic philosophy and technology, the class struggle, the evolution of Greek art and literature, athletics, private life, Greek religion, and ancient warfare. Same course as CL 320 .
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HS 321 - Topics in Italian History (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Restricted to students studying in Rome. The Italian peninsula boasts a long and interesting history stretching from the creative culture of the Etruscans to its present status as one of the top industrialized nations of the world. Some aspect of this story is examined (e.g., Roman, medieval, Renaissance, or modern), as determined by the expertise and interests of the specific visiting professor. The course attempts to maximize the obvious advantages of being taught in Rome, while fulfilling the research and writing objectives of a regular Loyola HS 300-level course. May be repeated once for credit with different topic. II
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HS 322 - Gladiators and Roman Spectacles (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. An examination of ancient Rome's spectacles, including gladiatorial combat, chariot racing, animal fights and exhibitions, and mock battles. The course explores the intersection of power, violence, entertainment, class, and sex in Roman spectacles. Same course as CL 322 .
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HS 323 - The Birth of Nazi Germany (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. The birth of Nazi Germany was semi-democratic. Students study the historical conditions that made Hitler's seizure of power in 1933 possible, particularly the attack of democracy and defense of violence mounted by extremists on both the left and the right. Cultural, intellectual, and political life in the Weimar Republic are explored. Special attention is paid to the use of the new media of radio and film. (Summer only) (Even Years)
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HS 325 - Europe Since 1945 through Film (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Examines how Europeans have seen themselves since the end of World War II. A series of feature movies illustrate important developments and events. These include the destruction and poverty caused by the war; the "economic miracle" of European reconstruction; existentialism and surrealism; the revolts of Europe's overseas colonies; domestic terrorism; the sexual revolution; European integration; violence between communities in Ireland and the Balkans; and the problems of affluence. Besides learning about these topics, students gain experience in viewing and interpreting films. GT/IF
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HS 326 - The Golden Age of Athens (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. An examination of what has been called Athens' golden age focusing on the political and cultural factors which made the fifth century unique. Subjects include the creation and workings of Athenian democracy, the victories of the Persian wars, the Greek Enlightenment, Pericles' rule of the best citizen, demagoguery and empire, the Peloponnesian War, and the "end" of Athens symbolized by the execution of Socrates. Same course as CL 326 .
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HS 327 - Volcanoes, Fire, and Flood: Disasters of Ancient Rome (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. An examination of ancient Rome's greatest disasters: the destruction of Pompeii, the Great Fire of Rome, floods, and plagues. Students investigate the causes of these events; the Romans' efforts to navigate and make sense of them; and the transformations they brought to the ancients' environment, behavior, and thought. Same course as CL 327 . IFS
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HS 329 - Women in Greece and Rome (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. An examination of the lives of and attitudes toward women in ancient Greece and Rome. Classic texts of ancient literature are read, masterpieces of art are viewed, and the sociology of ancient women is probed. Topics include the family; prostitution; women of the imperial family; Cleopatra; health, child bearing, and birth control; the source and psychology of Greek misogyny; jet setters and women's liberation under the early Roman Empire; women and work; women in myth; women in early Christianity; the legacy of classical civilization for modern women. Same course as CL 329 . IG
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HS 330 - Crime and Punishment in Modern Europe (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. From murder to mayhem, torture to transportation, and muggers to Mafiosi, historians have discovered that deviance and its prevention provide a unique perspective into the workings of past societies. Consequently, crime and punishment have become popular topics of historical investigation over the last few years. Explores the development of criminal justice in modern Europe in the context of changing social, political, and intellectual pressures. Examines evolving patterns of crimes, innovations in law enforcement, differing definitions of deviance, and the impact of ideology on forms of punishments. Concentrates on the growing role of the state with its emphasis on public justice over personal compensation, and analyzes the later shift from physical retribution, such as torture, to moral rehabilitation through incarceration. IFS
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HS 331 - Ideas in Conflict: European Thought Since the Eighteenth Century (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Examines the interaction of historically important ideas (and why we conceive them to be so) with the social milieu from which they arose and which, in turn, they influenced. It thus places in historical context "great ideas" and people who developed them.
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HS 332 - The Enlightenment in Europe (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. The eighteenth century is often described as the Age of Reason, for the Enlightenment institutionalized the methodology of critical analysis in all areas of human thought and action. Yet, the eighteenth century is both more and less than this triumph of reason implies, for any such monolithic interpretation belies the complex interrelationships and compromises on issues such as monarchical power, political equality, social reorganization, and the seductive power of science to transform the world of men and thereby liberate them. But as the Marquis de Sade suggests, liberation for what and for whom?
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HS 333 - The Second World War (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. The Second World War, 1939-1945, was a colossal disaster that resulted in the premature death of perhaps a hundred million people. At the same time, the Allied victory prevented the spread of brutal, dictatorial regimes in Germany, Italy, and Japan. Students examine the origins of the war and particularly, military strategy and combat in both European and Asian theatres of war. Students confront historical controversies over appeasement, the Holocaust, and the decision to drop the atomic bomb. The course also deals with memorials to the war and its combatants. GT
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HS 334 - Roman Private Life (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. A study of family and social life in Ancient Rome which focuses on how environment and custom determine one another. Topics include women, crime, racism, pollution, class structure, private religion and magic, Christianity, blood sports, medicine, travel, theater, and death. Same course as CL 334 . IG/II
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HS 335 - History of the Crusades (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. The international conflict known as The Crusades began as a Western European expedition to assist the Byzantine Empire to defend its borders against Middle Eastern Islamic enemies. However, instead of simply providing that small defensive force, two armies assembled, one of peasants and one of soldiers. Ultimately, the soldiers would achieve their goals: capturing Jerusalem, reclaiming the Holy Land, and establishing a number of crusader kingdoms. Their expedition would also set the stage for centuries of warfare between those crusaders (and their descendants) and forces, largely Islamic, which also held claim to the Holy Land. Students study the early history of the Crusades, from both the Christian and non-Christian view, as well as their effect on the early modern and modern history of the world. IM
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HS 336 - History of Development (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS100-level course. Explores how the idea of development took shape and evolved in the long twentieth century. The course examines the ways the development discourse has been interpreted and transformed in a global context and how it has intersected with other historical processes, such as the rise of empires, decolonization, the Cold War, and post-9/11 War on Terror, and other global issues, such as inequality and human rights. Although rooted in history, the course benefits from an interdisciplinary global studies perspective. GT
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HS 337 - The Multicultural Roman Empire (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. In conquering and attempting to unify lands as diverse as Egypt, Iran, Britain, and Algeria, the Romans undertook one of the greatest social and political experiments in the history of the world. They assimilated some of the peoples they conquered, but the vanquished, in turn, assimilated their Roman conquerors-it is no accident that one third century emperor was named Philip the Arab. This course examines the strategies by which the Romans attempted to hold together their vast, multicultural empire, and the strategies by which many of their subjects preserved and even promulgated their cultures. Be prepared for clash and compromise, oppression and respect, culture and race, and, of course, some very astonishing customs. Same course as CL 337 . II
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HS 338 - Magic, Science, and Religion: Cultural History of the Scientific Revolution (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries, the cultural framework of European society was fundamentally altered from one in which magic permeated both religious beliefs and scientific inquiries, to one in which the scientific outlook dominated all intellectual pursuits. Focuses on the social, political, and intellectual changes which facilitated such a radical shift in the European world view. Concentrates on the rise and decline of the witch craze, the scientific revolution, the growth of positivism, and recent attempts to deal with relativity in mathematics and physics.
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HS 339 - The Fall of Two Empires: Rome and Byzantium (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. The Roman and Byzantine Empires each lasted a thousand years, yet both fell. How? This course examines the reasons, internal and external, that brought an end to both empires; how they declined; and how they finally dissolved. It investigates how the political instability brought about by increasingly weak absolutist governments; the inabilities of their armies and navies to adapt to changes brought about by technological innovations and economic restraints; and the invasions of powerful outside cultural, religious, and military forces played roles in destroying two the greatest states in history. IM
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HS 340 - America through Reconstruction (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Between 1606 and 1877, two of the most important turning points in American history occurred: the American Revolution and the Civil War. These events were produced by the social, economic, political, and cultural developments that preceded them and in turn, they gave impetus to new developments in these fields. Analyzes the historical process for the light it sheds on basic questions such as: How and why was this land occupied by Europeans? What forms of economy and political governance were developed? How and why did the United States become an independent nation? After independence, how did the nation change and expand? Why did the Americans engage in a civil war and what were its immediate consequences? Through their actions during these two centuries, the American people created the meaning for the terms "American" and the "United States." IU
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HS 341 - The United States Since the Civil War (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Covers nearly a century and a quarter of American life. By examining U.S. social and economic life, as well as its political, diplomatic, and cultural history, the course focuses on what present-day Americans share with their nineteenth-century forebears, how our lives differ from theirs, and why and how the changes occurred. To study these questions and to analyze the continuing conflict of cultures and values within periods and across time, this course has a three-part framework: the development of an urban, industrial society; reaction and reform as a result of the new society; and the concentration of power and its limitations. IU
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HS 343 - American Environmental History (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Explores the changing relationship between people and the natural world from the colonial period to the present in the region that became the United States. The physical environment shaped the development of American culture even as different groups of Americans transformed that environment. Topics include Native American ideas about the natural world, European transformations of the environment, the rise of capitalism and its environmental consequences, water the West, the development of an environmental movement, and current debates about the natural world and our place in it. GT/IU
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HS 344 - American Women's History (3.00 cr.)
Prerequisite: One HS 100-level course. Surveys the history of American women and their relations with men from settlement to modern times. Two parallel questions run through the semester: How did gender differences mold the private worlds of women and men? How did gender affect the public roles of women and men? The issues are examined through four chronological periods: 1607-1790, 1790-1880, 1880-1945, and 1945-1990s. Explores the wide diversity of experiences according to race, class, ethnicity, and region within each period. IG/IU
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